How to Share Files With a Virtual Machine

Virtual machines are isolated containers, so the guest operating system in the virtual machine doesn’t have access to your computer’s file system. You’ll have to set up shared folders in a program like VirtualBox or VMware to share files.

By default, virtual machines do not have access to files on the host computer or on other virtual machines. If you want to provide that access, you must set up shared folders in your virtual machine app. To help the guest operating system inside the virtual machine understand what’s going on, virtual machine apps present these shared folders as network file shares. The guest operating system accesses a folder on your PC just like it would a shared folder on a network.

We’re going to look at how to create shared folders in two of the most popular virtual machine apps—VirtualBox and VMware Workstation Player—but the process is similar in other virtual machine apps.

VirtualBox

VirtualBox’s Shared Folders feature works with both Windows and Linux guest operating systems. To use the feature, you first need to install VirtualBox’s Guest Additions in the guest virtual machine.

With the virtual machine running, click the “Devices” menu and choose the “Insert Guest Additions CD image” option. This inserts a virtual CD that you can use within the guest operating system to install the Guest Additions.

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After the Guest Additions are installed, open the “Machine” menu and click the “Settings” option.

In the “Settings” window, switch to the “Shared Folders” tab. Here you can see any shared folders you’ve set up. There are two types of shared folders. Machine Folders are permanent folders that are shared until you remove them. Transient Folders are temporary and are automatically removed when you restart or shut down the virtual machine.

Click the “Add” button (the folder with a plus on it) to create a new shared folder.

In the “Add Share” window, you can specify the following:

• Folder Path: This is the location of the shared folder on your host operating system (your real PC).
• Folder Name: This is how the shared folder will appear inside the guest operating system.
• Read-only: By default, the virtual machine has full read-write access to the shared folder. Enable the “Read-only” checkbox if you want the virtual machine only to be able to read files from the shared folder, but not modify them.
• Auto-mount: This option makes the guest operating system attempt to automatically mount the folder when it boots.
• Make Permanent: This option makes the shared folder a Machine Folder. If you don’t select this option, it becomes a transient folder that is removed with the virtual machine restarts.

Make all your choices and then hit the “OK” button.

You should now see the shared folders appear as network file shares. If you’re using a Windows guest operating system, open File Explorer, select “Network”, and then look under the “VBOXSRV” computer.

VMware Workstation Player

VMware’s Shared Folders work with both Windows and Linux guest operating systems. To use the feature, you first need to install VMware Tools in the guest virtual machine. Open the “Player” menu, point to the “Manage” menu, and then select the “Install VMware Tools” option. This opens a dialog prompting you to download the tools and, when finished, inserts a virtual CD that you can use within the guest operating system to install the VMWare tools.

After the VMware tools are installed, open the “Player” menu, point to the “Manage” menu, and then select the “Virtual Machine Settings” option.

In the “Virtual Machine Settings” window, switch to the “Options” tab and select the “Shared Folders” setting on the left-hand side. Shared folders are disabled by default, and you can enable them in one of two ways. Select “Always enabled” if you want the Shared Folders feature to stay on even when you restart the virtual machine. Select the “Enabled until next power off or suspend” if you prefer to manually re-enable the feature after restarts.

Optionally, you can select the “Map as a network drive in Windows guests” option if you want the share mapped to a drive letter in your guest operating system instead of having to dig through shared folders on the network.

After enabling the feature, click the “Add” button to add a new shared folder.

In the “Add Shared Folder Wizard” window, click “Next” to skip the welcome screen. On the “Name the Shared Folder” screen, use the “Host path” box to indicate the location of the shared folder on your host operating system (your real PC). Use the “Name” box to type the name of the folder as it should appear inside the virtual machine. When you’re done, click the “Next” button.

On the “Specify Shared Folder Attributes” screen, select the “Enable this share” option. If you don’t, the share is still added to your list of shares and you can enable it later on an as-needed basis. By default, the virtual machine will have full read-write access to the folder. Select the “Read-only” option if you want the virtual machine only to be able to read files from the shared folder, but not modify them. When you’re done, click the “Finish” button.

You should now see the shared folders appear as network file shares. If you’re using a Windows guest operating system, open File Explorer, select “Network”, and then look under the “vmware-host” computer.

On a Linux guest system, you should find VMware Shared Folders under /mnt/hgfs in the root directory.

If you have multiple virtual machines, you’ll need to set up file sharing separately inside each one, although you can use the same shared folders within multiple virtual machines. Be careful when using shared folders, though. One of the great things about virtual machines is that they operate in their own sandbox—isolated from your real computer. If your virtual machine becomes compromised, the malware could potentially escape your virtual machine by infecting files in your shared folders.